Periods are a normal part of life for many women and people assigned female at birth. They are part of the menstrual cycle, which prepares the body for pregnancy each month.
Most people start their periods between the ages of 10 and 15, although this can vary. Periods usually continue until menopause, which typically happens between the ages of 45 and 55.
Every person’s experience is different. Some people have light periods, while others have heavier bleeding or symptoms such as cramps, headaches or mood changes.
What is a period?
A period happens when the lining of the womb breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina. This usually happens once a month as part of the menstrual cycle.
A typical menstrual cycle lasts around 28 days, but cycles can range from 21 to 35 days and still be considered normal.
Most periods last between 3 and 8 days.
Common symptoms
Many people experience symptoms before or during their period.
These can include:
- stomach cramps
- back pain
- headaches
- bloating
- breast tenderness
- feeling tired
- mood changes
These symptoms are common and can often be managed with rest, exercise, heat packs or pain relief medication.
When to seek help
Periods should not stop you from living your everyday life.
You should speak to your GP practice if you have:
- very heavy bleeding
- severe pain that affects work, education or daily activities
- bleeding between periods
- bleeding after sex
- periods that suddenly become irregular
- periods that stop unexpectedly
- symptoms that are affecting your physical or mental wellbeing
These symptoms may be caused by conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Managing symptoms
There are several things that may help manage period symptoms:
- staying physically active
- eating a balanced diet
- getting enough sleep
- using a hot water bottle or heat patch
- taking pain relief recommended by a healthcare professional
Some people may also benefit from hormonal contraception, which can help reduce pain and regulate periods.
Periods and everyday life
Having a period should not stop you from taking part in work, education, sport or social activities.
If your periods are affecting your quality of life, support is available. Speaking to a healthcare professional can help you understand what is causing your symptoms and what treatment options may be available.
Information videos
For trusted medical advice, visit the NHS website’s period information pages (opens in a new tab).