Cervical screening checks the health of your cervix and helps prevent cervical cancer.
It is not a test for cancer. Instead, it checks for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes most cervical cancers.
If HPV is found, the sample is checked for changes in cervical cells so they can be treated early.
Who is invited for screening
In England, cervical screening is offered to people with a cervix aged 25 to 64.
You are usually invited every five years.
Your first invitation will be sent shortly before your 25th birthday.
Anyone with a cervix should attend screening, including:
- women
- some trans men
- some non-binary people.
If you are registered as female with your GP, you will normally receive automatic invitations. If you are registered differently but have a cervix, speak to your GP practice about arranging screening invitations.
Why screening is important
Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by infection with certain types of HPV.
HPV is very common and most people will have it at some point in their lives.
Cervical screening helps detect HPV early and identifies abnormal cells before they develop into cancer.
How to book a cervical screening appointment
When you are due for screening, you will receive an invitation through the NHS App, text message or letter.
Most cervical screening appointments take place at a GP practice with a nurse or doctor.
If you missed your last screening appointment, you do not need to wait for another invitation. You can contact your GP practice to book.
Some practices offer evening or weekend appointments.
What happens during your screening appointment
A cervical screening appointment usually takes around 10 to 15 minutes.
The test itself only takes a few minutes.
During the appointment:
- You will undress from the waist down and lie on an examination couch
- A nurse or doctor will gently insert a speculum so they can see your cervix
- A small soft brush collects a sample of cells
- The sample is sent to a laboratory to be tested for HPV.
You are in control of the test and can ask to stop at any time.
Getting your results
Most people receive their results through the NHS App or by letter.
Your results will explain:
- whether HPV was found
- what the result means
- whether further tests are needed
Most people receive a normal result.
Support if you are worried about screening
It is normal to feel anxious about cervical screening.
Your GP practice can support you and make adjustments if needed.
You can ask for:
- a female nurse or doctor
- a longer appointment
- a smaller speculum
- a chaperone to be present
- time to discuss the test beforehand.
If you have a disability, long-term condition or previous trauma, let the practice know so they can support you.
Symptoms of cervical cancer
Cervical screening is for people without symptoms.
If you notice symptoms, contact your GP.
Symptoms can include:
- unusual vaginal bleeding, including after sex or after menopause
- changes in vaginal discharge
- pain during sex
- pain in your lower tummy or pelvis.
These symptoms are often caused by other conditions, but it is important to get them checked.