Finding cancer early means treatment is more likely to be successful. Bowel cancer screening helps identify small growths called polyps that may develop into cancer over time.
In England, screening is offered to people aged 50 to 74 every two years.
What screening involves
Bowel cancer screening uses a faecal immunochemical test (FIT).
The test looks for small traces of blood in a sample of your poo. Blood in your poo can sometimes be a sign of bowel cancer or another bowel condition.
The FIT test kit is sent through the post. It is quick and simple to complete at home.
You collect a small sample of poo and send it back in the prepaid envelope provided.
Why screening matters
Bowel cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK. Screening can help detect it early when it is easier to treat.
Screening can also prevent cancer by finding and removing polyps before they become cancerous.
Many people with early bowel cancer have no symptoms, which is why regular screening is important.
Who is eligible for screening
Bowel cancer screening is offered to people aged 50 to 74.
A test kit will usually be sent automatically to your home every two years.
Your first test may arrive when you are 50, 52 or 54, depending on when you become eligible.
If you are 75 or over, you can still request a test every two years by calling the bowel cancer screening helpline on 0800 707 6060.
If you think you should have received a kit but have not, contact the helpline or speak to your GP practice.
How to do the FIT screening test
The FIT test is designed to be simple and hygienic.
Your test kit will include instructions, but the process generally involves:
- Collecting a small sample of poo using the stick provided
- Placing the stick back into the sample tube
- Sealing the tube securely
- Posting the sample in the prepaid envelope
You should post the sample within 24 hours if possible.
Getting your screening results
You will usually receive your bowel cancer screening results within two weeks of sending your sample.
Your result letter will explain what happens next.
Possible outcomes include:
No further tests needed
No blood was found in your sample. You will be invited to take part in screening again in two years.
Further tests needed
Blood was found in your sample. This does not necessarily mean you have cancer, but further checks will be arranged to investigate the cause.
Symptoms of bowel cancer
Bowel cancer screening is for people without symptoms.
If you notice symptoms, contact your GP rather than waiting for screening.
Symptoms can include:
- changes in your poo, such as diarrhoea or constipation that is unusual for you
- blood in your poo or bleeding from your bottom
- needing to poo more or less often than usual
- tummy pain or bloating
- unexplained weight loss
- feeling very tired or short of breath
These symptoms can have many causes, but it is important to get them checked.
Help with bowel cancer screening
If you need help or advice, you can contact the NHS bowel cancer screening helpline:
Telephone: 0800 707 6060
Opening hours: Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm
The helpline can provide:
- advice about using the FIT test kit
- support if you are unsure about taking the test
- information in alternative formats such as Braille or other languages.