Cancer 

Learn about common cancer symptoms, NHS screening programmes, urgent suspected cancer referrals and local support services across Essex. Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes

Cancer happens when cells in the body grow and reproduce in an uncontrolled way. These abnormal cells can damage nearby healthy tissue and, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body. This is known as metastasis.

Around one in two people will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime. Early diagnosis gives the best chance of successful treatment.

Across Essex, health and care partners are working together to improve cancer outcomes and reduce health inequalities. This includes:

  • Promoting awareness of cancer signs and symptoms
  • Increasing screening uptake
  • Supporting earlier diagnosis
  • Improving access to treatment and support

Common types of cancer

There are more than 200 types of cancer, each diagnosed and treated differently.

The most common cancers nationally include:

For detailed clinical information about specific cancers, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, please visit the NHS website 

Reducing your risk of cancer

While not all cancers can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk:

  • Eating a healthy, balanced diet
  • Being physically active
  • Not smoking
  • Reducing alcohol consumption
  • Protecting your skin from sun damage
  • Attending screening appointments when invited

Stopping smoking is the single biggest way to reduce your risk of several types of cancer, including lung cancer.

Cancer screening in Essex

Cancer screening helps detect certain cancers before symptoms develop.

If you are invited for screening, it is important to attend.

Screening programmes available through the NHS include:

Urgent suspected cancer referrals (two week wait)

If your GP suspects you may have cancer, they may refer you for urgent tests under the urgent suspected cancer referral pathway, sometimes known as the two week wait.

This means you should be seen by a specialist or have tests within two weeks.

Being referred urgently does not mean you have cancer. Most people referred under this pathway do not receive a cancer diagnosis.

For more information about urgent suspected cancer referrals, visit the Cancer Research UK website (opens in external link).

Cancer support services

Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be challenging for you and your loved ones. A range of local and national organisations offer practical, emotional and financial support.

Essex Frontline 

Essex Frontline helps you find local cancer support services by postcode or town. You can search using keywords such as “cancer” to find services near you.

Cancer Care Map 

Cancer Care Map is an online resource that helps you locate support services near your postcode. It is operated by The Richard Dimbleby Cancer Fund.

Macmillan Cancer Support 

Macmillan Cancer Support provides financial advice, emotional support, practical help and a directory of local services for people affected by cancer.

Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cancer Research UK provides evidence-based information about cancer types, treatment options and ongoing research, as well as guidance and support resources.

Frequently asked questions about cancer

Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer, but may include unexplained weight loss, persistent pain, unusual bleeding, changes in bowel or bladder habits, or lumps that do not go away. If you are concerned, contact your GP.

No. Screening is for people without symptoms. If you notice changes or are worried about symptoms, contact your GP as soon as possible.

No. Most people referred urgently do not have cancer. The referral ensures that any serious condition is ruled out quickly.

Not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, staying active and attending screening appointments can all reduce your risk.

No. Screening is for people without symptoms and is offered at specific intervals. If you notice changes between screening appointments, contact your GP rather than waiting.